- Industry: Oil & gas
- Number of terms: 8814
- Number of blossaries: 0
- Company Profile:
A tool for drilling rock that works by scraping industrial grade diamonds against the bottom of the hole. The diamonds are embedded into the metal structure (usually a sintered or powdered carbide base matrix) during the manufacture of the bit. The bit designer has virtually unlimited combinations of bit shape, the placement of hydraulic jetting ports, the amount of diamonds and the size of the diamonds used (usually expressed as diamonds per carat). In general, a diamond bit that drills faster has a shorter lifetime. Similarly, a bit designed for extremely long life will typically drill at a slower rate. If a bit has a relatively high number of diamonds compared with other bits, it is said to be "heavy-set" and has higher durability. A "light-set" bit, on the other hand, drills more aggressively, but wears out faster because fewer diamonds do the work.
Industry:Oil & gas
A tool designed to crush rock efficiently while incurring a minimal amount of wear on the cutting surfaces. Invented by Howard Hughes, the roller-cone bit has conical cutters or cones that have spiked teeth around them. As the drillstring is rotated, the bit cones roll along the bottom of the hole in a circle. As they roll, new teeth come in contact with the bottom of the hole, crushing the rock immediately below and around the bit tooth. As the cone rolls, the tooth then lifts off the bottom of the hole and a high-velocity fluid jet strikes the crushed rock chips to remove them from the bottom of the hole and up the annulus. As this occurs, another tooth makes contact with the bottom of the hole and creates new rock chips. Thus, the process of chipping the rock and removing the small rock chips with the fluid jets is continuous. The teeth intermesh on the cones, which helps clean the cones and enables larger teeth to be used. There are two main types of roller-cone bits, steel milled-tooth bits and carbide insert bits.
Industry:Oil & gas
A thinning agent used to reduce viscosity or prevent flocculation; incorrectly called a "dispersant. " Most deflocculants are low-molecular weight anionic polymers that neutralize positive charges on clay edges. Examples include polyphosphates, lignosulfonates, quebracho and various water-soluble synthetic polymers.
Industry:Oil & gas
Толстые, тяжелой стальной компонент превентор обычных рам. В обычной трубе ram два блока из стали, которые встречаются в центре скважины для герметизации скважины имеют отверстие (половина отверстия на каждый кусок) через который подходит труба. Слепой ОЗУ не имеет пространства для труб и вместо этого отображаются вне для того чтобы иметь возможность закрыть за хорошо, не содержащий бурильной колонны. Он может быть слабо представлена как раздвижные ворота на задвижки.
Industry:Oil & gas
A test to evaluate base oils that are used in oil mud. The test indicates if an oil is likely to damage elastomers (rubber compounds) that come in contact with the oil. The aniline point is called the "aniline point temperature," which is the lowest temperature (掳F or 掳C) at which equal volumes of aniline (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>) and the oil form a single phase. The aniline point (AP) correlates roughly with the amount and type of aromatic hydrocarbons in an oil sample. A low AP is indicative of higher aromatics, while a high AP is indicative of lower aromatics content. Diesel oil with AP below 120掳F (49掳C) is probably risky to use in oil-base mud. The API has developed test procedures that are the standard for the industry.
Industry:Oil & gas
A test to determine the volume percent of solids in a mud that are retained on 200-mesh screen. A glass, sand-content tube with a tapered lower end and a 200-mesh screen are used in the test. The test measures percent solids above 74 micrometers, which include those that could be abrasive to pumps and piping. When performed according to the API protocol for water-base muds, the sand-content tube is filled to the first mark with mud. Water is added to the next mark and the tube is shaken. The diluted slurry is poured through the 200-mesh screen, discarding the liquid. The screen is washed and the residue on the screen is poured back into the tube. Volume percent "sand" is measured from divisions on the tapered tube.
Industry:Oil & gas
Тест для определения прочности или перелом давления открытого образования, обычно проводится сразу после бурения ниже новый башмак обсадной колонны. В ходе испытания хорошо закрыта в и жидкость закачивается в скважины постепенно увеличивать давление, которое испытывает формирования. На определенное давление жидкость будет ввести образование, или утечки off, либо перемещение через проницаемые путей в скале или путем создания пространства путем дробления породы. Результаты leakoff теста определяют максимальное давление или грязи вес, который может быть применен к скважины во время бурения. Чтобы поддерживать небольшой запас прочности для обеспечения безопасного управления скважиной, максимальное рабочее давление обычно несколько ниже результат теста leakoff.
Industry:Oil & gas
A test procedure published by the API that specifies the use of a shearometer tube and a set of weights to measure the shear strength of a mud (lbf/100 ft<sup>2</sup> or kPa). The typical use for this test is for evaluation of a static-aged mud sample left at high temperature for several hours. The shear tube is placed on the surface of the gelled mud and weights are applied until the tube sinks to a marked depth. The applied weight indicates shear strength of the mud sample. <br><br>Reference:<br>Watkins TE and Nelson ME: "High Temperature Gellation of Drilling Fluids," Transactions of the AIME 193 (1953): 213-218.
Industry:Oil & gas
A test to determine the amount of clay-like materials in a water-base drilling fluid based on the amount of methylene blue dye absorbed by the sample. Results are reported as "MBT" and also as "lbm/bbl, bentonite equivalent" when performed to API specifications.
Industry:Oil & gas
A test for oil-base and synthetic-base muds that indicates the emulsion and oil-wetting qualities of the sample. The test is performed by inserting the ES probe into a cup of 120掳F (48. 9掳C) mud and pushing a test button. The ES meter automatically applies an increasing voltage (from 0 to 2000 volts) across an electrode gap in the probe. Maximum voltage that the mud will sustain across the gap before conducting current is displayed as the ES voltage. The modern ES meter has sine-wave circuitry, whereas older meters used square-wave circuits. (The older units should not be used because they do not correctly address the theory described in the reference below. ) The ES sine-wave design and meaning of ES readings have been studied and were found to relate to an oil mud's oil-wetting of solids and to stability of the emulsion droplets in a complex fashion not yet understood. <br><br>Reference:<br>Growcock FB, Ellis CF and Schmidt DD: "Electrical Stability, Emulsion Stability, and Wettability of Invert Oil-Based Muds," SPE Drilling & Completion 9, no. 1 (March 1994): 39-46.
Industry:Oil & gas
